المسائل الكلامية وتفسير الكشاف للزمخشري وتفسير المحرر الوجيز لابن عطية دراسة مقارنة بين منهجهما (في مسألة علم الله سبحانه وتعالى، وعموم مشيئته وتكفير السيئات) من ضوء سورة العنكبوت

Theological issues in preview of tafsīr al-Kashshaāf by al-Zamakhsharī and tafsīr al-Muharrar al-Wajīz by ibn ʻAṭīyah: A comparative study between their methodological approach (towards the issue of the knowledge of Allah Almighty; the general nature of His Will and the expiation of sins) in light of Surah al-'Ankabut.

Abstract

Indeed, the holy Quran has revealed to the last Messanger Muhammad (SAW) as a proof of authenticity and sign of verisimilitude. We, all Muslims, believe that Quran is one of the greatest miracles of the holy Prophet (SAW); "not only for its eloquence, fluency, vividness and expressiveness, but rather for all other important aspects and wide dimensions". And thus, for this purpose, Allah the exalted has created noble people to render their services for the just cause of interpretation; who have not only explained the strange words, but rather they derived necessary references to Quranic verses along with the syntactic views of Kufa and Basra. In consequence, the diversity and disagreement is evident because of the syntax preference, philology, logics, ratiocination, syllogism, syllogistics analysis and ratiolegos methodological approaches constitute a verity of interpretations and remarkable tafsīr works in explaining the theological and syntactic issues related to holy Quran. Consequently, the experts presented every possible solution to the problems faced by ordinary people and laymen in understanding of the exact meaning of the text. Resultantly, very broad descriptions and commentaries have been compiled by the Quranic exegesis keeping in view the challenges of their time(s) with in the constraint of their legal schools or own methodological approaches. Among many experts and commentators, one of them is Imām al-Zamakhsharī, a sixth-century Eastern Islamic World jurist and commentator who wrote tafsīr al-kashshaāf; which is deemed as main sources of literary-ijtihād and deepest linguistical demonstration. His work is regarded as a seminal philosophical, philological, linguistical, anthological sentential and figurative analysis of the holy Quran. While, another commentator is Ibn ʻAṭīyah, a Western Islamic world scholar of literary-ijtihād, who wrote tafsīr al-muharrar al-wajīz; which is considered one of the prime source of literary-ijtihādī debates. So, the present article selected theological issues and systematically reviewed both the commentaries in light of Surah al-'Ankabut. Accordingly, this research study deliberated the issue of the knowledge of Allah Almighty; the general nature of His Will and the expiation of sins or misdeeds in light of Surat al-'Ankabut in preview of tafsīr al-kashshaāf by al-Zamakhsharī and tafsīr al-muharrar al-wajīz by Ibn ʻAṭīyah. For this purpose, a comparative technic is applied to dugout their methodological approaches towards these issues. Moreover, the study further explained the real basis of theological interpretations of both the Imāms by extracting the evidences from their tafsīr works, in order to know that how they have interpreted the related verses in their commentries.

Keywords: Theology, Tafsīr, Al-Zamakhsharī, Ibn ʻAṭīyah, Knowledge of Allah, Allah's Will, Expiation of Sins, Shariah & Law.