مطابقة الكلام لمقتضى الحال في اللغة العربية (دراسة بلاغية تحليلية)

Conformance to Speech in its Contextual Sense in Arabic (An analytical and Rhetorical study)

Abstract

There are two basic compositions in Arabic, Ḵabar and Inšā. The Ḵabar based structures are of three kinds, 1) Al-Ḵabar Al-Ibtidā’ī’: used to address an empty-mind, 2) Al-Ḵabar Al-Ṭalabī: used to address a sceptical mind, 3) Al-Ḵabar Al-Inkārī: used to address disapproving mind. When a speech is made according to these three initial rhetorical rules, the speech is called the “Formation according to Muqtaẓā Ẓāhir” (according to its proper context).

Many times speech is formed in diffident sets of mind or contrary to the state of mind of second person; In Arabic Rhetoric, it is calledthe “Formation of contrasting speech in regard to the context of addressee’s mind” (an improper composition in regard to its context). This speech has nine types.

The following paper attempts all these kinds in detail with references from Holy Qur’ān, Ḥadīṯ, Arabic prose and poetry as well as it explores the major significations of this kind of speech in Arabic e.g. stress, purification, etc. which signify these structures in different sets of contexts.

Keywords:Arabic, Rhetoric, Structure, Muqtaẓā Ẓāhir, Ḳlāf-e-Muqtaẓā Ẓāhir.